As a follower of Dr. Matthew L. Halsted “The Bible (Unmuted)” podcast I became aware that Lexham Press was seeking people to review Dr. Halsted latest book The End of the World as You Know It: What the Bible Really Says about the End Times (And Why It’s Good News), release date 7 February 2024.
Fortunately, I was selected to be one of the reviewers. I will not receive any compensation from Dr. Halsted or Lexham Press; but I did receive a “do not distribute” PDF electronic copy of the book from Lexham Press. I am not a Biblical scholar, nor pastor or professor. I am just your typical person on the pew who desires to understand what the Bible has to say.
Dr. Halsted’s book is on the “book” of Revelation in the Bible. There are many popular books and movies based on Revelation, there are many interpretations of Revelation- by scholars, pastors, and internet experts. Matthew Halsted is a Biblical scholar, a college professor, and has the heart of a pastor. His book is written with the non-expert in mind. There are footnotes for the inquisitive reader; but not to the point of distraction; consequently, the book is a pleasant, enjoyable, and informative read.
Chapter 1: Are we in the End Times?
Most everyone (in the west) knows that Revelation is about the end-times, the mark of the beast, the great tribulation, the return of Christ and of course the Antichrist. So, most of us come to read Revelation with preset assumptions and the biggest assumption is that it is all about us: the end time events in Revelation are not primarily about the seven churches of chapters 1-3 but are about events in their distant future: about our time. Dr. Halsted gives many examples from scripture that the phrase “end times” (or the equivalent Old Testament phrases like “then end of days”, “the latter days”), means more than a singular period just before the final events: “end times” can refer to a period that lasts hundreds or even thousands of years. Dr. Halsted does assert that Revelation has everything to do with the end times, but he shows that “end times” is not all about the future. The logical consequence of assuming that “end times” is all about the future, is that Revelation becomes a timeline for the future which he maintains is contrary to the Revelation’s intended message and just invites speculation. There are many footnotes in this chapter that directs the reader to supporting documents written by respected, bona fide Biblical scholars.
Chapter 2: How Should We Understand Revelation?
Having concluded that Revelation is not best read as a timeline of the future, Dr. Halsted presents his read of Revelation. An overriding principle of Dr. Halsted’s approach to Revelation is that it is an ancient letter that was written to a particular group of seven churches and addresses issues about them and their time. It should not be thought of as a “book”. Being a letter, it is reasonable to assume that it was meant to be easily understood. But to do that we must understand the recipient’s total context. The historical context is only part of their gestalt, we must also understand the literary context of the letter. Dr. Halsted explains that Revelation falls in 3 complementary literary categories (genre): as already mentioned it is a letter, but it is also an apocalypse and a prophecy. The modern “apocalypse” carries the connotation of war, doomsday, total annihilation. But to the Greek word “apokalypsis” that is translated as “revelation” connotes “that which is unveiled” or “unconcealed.” This is consistent wit the idea that the letter Revelation was meant to be understood- and that message was not so much an announcement of doomsday to the churches but an unveiling of what was going on so that they could better understand their current situation. The modern notion of “prophecy” is that it is primarily about “prediction”. Dr. Halsted shows through example and referencing Biblical scholars that biblical prophecy is not primarily about prediction: there is a predictive element, but it is primarily about “the word of God” speaking to His people who may need words of comfort, guidance, or warning.
Dr. Halsted reads Revelation as a prophetic, apocalyptic letter which was addressed to a particular group of seven churches in the Roman province of Asia. There is one more piece of Revelation’s total context: the historical context. Dr. Halsted very carefully explains the historical context of these seven churches by giving a most excellent overview of what was going on in the Roman Empire in general and in the Asian province in particular. He covers the topics of Emperor worship, Christian persecution, rivalry between the 7 cities in which the churches were located, and the ever-present pagan cults. In summation, there were dangers on every side for the Christians in this province of the Empire: a Christian could not worship any other God but the Messiah Jesus. Again, Dr. Halsted provides documentation for the content of this chapter. He uses both modern scholars and ancient Roman historians.
At the end of chapter 2 Dr. Halsted has established an overview of the complete context of Revelation. How important is that: As Dr. Halsted puts it:
“Here’s a good rule of thumb: if you want to understand the message of Revelation, you need to understand the genre of Revelation. Becoming familiar with its genre is not optional. It’s essential.”
Dr. Halsted views the first 3 chapters of Revelation has individual message to each of the seven churches in the Roman province of Asia which is in modern-day Turkey, and chapters 4-22 “was given to these seven churches for their edification, with other churches in the region no doubt hearing about and benefiting from the message as well.” Dr. Halsted makes the important point:” Revelation, as a letter, must have been written so that it could be understood by its recipients. Otherwise, what would have been the point of writing a letter? “
The other chapters of Dr. Halsted book are:
• 3 What Is the Mark of the Beast?
• 4 Will Christians Be Raptured?
• 5 Is There a Coming Time of Tribulation?
• 6 How Can We Know When Jesus Will Return?
• 7 What Can We Know about the Antichrist?
• Conclusion: What Now?
As you can see chapters 3-7 are topics over which Christians have differing views. No matter which interpretation one takes on a particular topic, no matter if Dr. Halsted concurs with that interpretation, Dr. Halsted’s book provides a valuable framework to talk about the various interpretations. By providing the historical and literary genre of Relation people have a framework to hear and understand what is for us from what was said to those seven churches in the Roman province of Asia. As Dr. Halsted puts it:
“By first looking at how it would have been understood by its original readers, you will discover that Revelation has just as much (if not more) to say about the present era as it does about the distant future. Far from being scary, you’ll see how it’s full of comfort and relevant application for today—and all time.”